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Meaning |
| affirmative action |
efforts by employers to identify and overcome any problem areas in the employment of women and minorities
積極的差別是正措置（差別を受けてきた少数民族や女性の雇用、高等教育などを積極的に推進すること）
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| arbitration |
process where a third party determines the merits of different viewpoints, such as labor and management and issues a decision
仲裁、調停
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| collective bargaining |
process whereby representatives of management and workers negotiate over wages, hours, and conditions of employment
（労使間の）団体交渉
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| contributory plan |
a plan in which money for pension benefits is contributed by both employees and employers
年金拠出分担制
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| decentralization |
the extent to which decision-making authority and responsibility is dispersed downward
集権排除
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| Equal Employment Oppotunity Commission (EEOC) |
the principal federal regulatory agency responsible for enforcing federal nondiscrimination laws
雇用機会均等委員会
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| ergonomics |
the design of the work area so as to maximize the productivity of the worker/ machine relationship
人間工学、エルゴノミックス（人間の能力に作業環境、機械などを適合させる研究）
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| flex-time |
variations in starting and quitting times, assuming a set number of working hours each day
フレックスタイム
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| grievance procedure |
a form of channel of communication used to resolve formal complains
苦情処理手続き
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| incentives |
rewards designed to encourage and reimburse employees for efforts beyond normal performance expectations
奨励金、報奨
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| job enrichment |
increasing the depth of a joy by adding employee responsibility, planning, organizing, controlling, and evaluating the job
職務充実（職務の中に個人の責任、達成、承認、昇進機会などの要因をより大きく組み込むことによって労働者の満足感、生産意欲を高めようとすること）
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| mediation |
third-party intervention between conflicting parties to promote reconciliation
調停、介入、和解
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| negotiation |
process involving two parties with common and conflicting interests who agree to bargain explicit proposals to reach an agreement
交渉、折衝、商議
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| reverse discrimination |
a situation where a qualified person is denied employment because of a preference given to a protected-group individual to meet affirmative action plans
逆差別（少数派優先による多数派への差別、あるいは白人や男性に対する差別）
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| vesting |
the right of employeees to receive benefits from their pension plans
（定年前退職者の）年金受領権
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